Demise of the Beagle Hive

I was worried about this hive not having capped honey as we came into December so was monitoring their intake of the honey I was feeding back using an entrance feeder. I noticed as the month moved on that the bees were taking less than before. This was their third quart of honey so, without opening up the hive to check, not wanting to unglue all the seams the bees worked so hard to close up for winter, I assumed the bees knew they had enough stores for now...

Christmas day was sunny in warm with temps in the mid-50s. The bees from the Dmitry hive were buzzing about but there were only two bees flying from the Beagle hive, which just isn't right!

Peaking in through the hole in the inner cover I didn't see any bees. Removing the inner cover and peering down through the frames, I didn't see any bees. The top box was heavy with pollen and uncapped nectar. (Why aren't the bees making honey and capping it??)

Between two frames of the second box were a handful of dead bees still standing on the honeycomb and I could see all the way through the bottom box to the covering of dead bees on the bottom screen.

I spent a lot of time looking at the frames, the few bees still moving, etc. trying to figure out what happened.

Was there any capped honey? Any brood? Any pests present or other visible reason for dead bees?

I found the queen in the second box - still standing and surrounded by her dead attendants as though frozen in time...

My guess is that the original Queen either swarmed late summer or was killed early fall and this replacement queen never mated. As the population of the hive naturally died off, the bees were less interested in storing food and with no brood, eventually there were too few bees to keep the hive warm. Our few cold snaps with overnight temps below freezing, killed the last of the bees.

There's always the possibility that it was something else that killed the bees, so it's a good idea to send a bunch of bees to the Bees Research Lab at the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center in Beltsville, MD. Free of charge, they perform a diagnostics checking for bacterial and fungal diseases as well as for parasitic mites and other pests harmful to honey bees. Results may take weeks and I'll be sure to report back any findings.

Catching Up On a Routine Summer of Beekeeping

Incorporating Two Hives
Into One Using Newspaper.

A week after my last post, I incorporated what was left of the Datsuyk hive into the Beagle hive by placing the box on top of the others with a sheet of newspaper in between. Had I moved the bees without a barrier, the stronger Beagle hive would have considered the Datsuyk bees intruders and they would have all been killed. Placing a barrier of a single sheet of newspaper allows the bees to get to know one another as they work to remove it.

If you look closely at the hive in the photo, you'll notice a medium box is in place below two deep hive bodies. Normally, that's not a big deal. I installed the bees into a medium box with frames of comb already drawn out figuring the bees would begin to work drawing out comb on the deep frames.

Serious Burr Comb

However, these silly bees decided they needed more space below for the queen to lay and you remember bee space, right? Bees will fill any space grater than 3/8" with comb and that's just what they did in the space between the bottom of the medium frames and the screened bottom board. I left it in place until the bees moved up to the deeps and were no longer using the bottom box.

The rest of the summer was very routine with nothing much to report in the way of challenges. Both the Dmitry hive and the new Beagle hive were doing everything bees should be doing. In early July we harvested 18 frames of honey, leaving the rest for the bees.

By September though, worry began to creep in. Both hives had nearly 17 medium frames of nectar but neither hive had much in the way of capped honey. A check on the hives couple of weeks later showed the Dmitry hive was well on it's way to capping honey but the Beagle hive still had open nectar.

Dmitry Hive's Capped Honey

And this is the way it remained for October and into November. A peek between the frames today shows the Dmitry hive has 5 frames about 1/4 capped. That's nowhere near the amount of capped honey I would like them to have by now.

And what the heck is going on in the Beagle hive that they are not capping their honey at all? In November I started to feed back some honey using front feeders. This way, the honey only needs to be stored and capped but they continue to have open cells! Besides the worry of not having long-term stores of food to get them through winter, uncapped cells mean more moisture in the hive which can be harmful to a hive in cold, cold weather.

I added a front feeder of honey to the Dmitry hive today to help them get a jump on storing honey instead of needed to convert the nectar they have to honey before storing it. Our temps fluctuate between the 30's to the 60's so the bees don't remain clustered for long and between the nectar in the hives and the honey feeders there is plenty for them to eat. But if January and February are as wintry as predicted, I especially need the Beagle hive to have some stores built up or I may risk loosing it.

We have a Queen!

Burr Comb in the Beagle Hive

I waited nearly three weeks for the queens to hatch, mate and begin laying before I checking in on the two splits. I started with the Datsyuk hive, the walk-away split and was not surprised to see the population way down and nearly all the food gone as they've been taking from the entrance feeder like crazy! Remember that I wrote that emergency queens are sometimes not a strong queen? The couple that I've had started out quite small so I took my time searching for the queen. The hive was gentle and chained when I pulled out a frame, leading me to believe she is there, but I didn't see her and I certainly did not see signs of brood which I expected to be present.

Beagle Queen

The Beagle hive was fiesty and so full, those silly bees were making burr comb everywhere! And there is brood but I was most excited to spot the lovely, light and very fat queen!

My plan is to inspect the Dmitry hive soon, weather permitting - we have rain forecast for the next few days, and if they have a queen now and she's laying well I may move a frame and a bunch of bees over to the Datsyuk hive and give them one more try at making a queen. Or I may see if I can purchase a queen locally as I know a couple of beekeepers who produce good queens.

Stupid Beekeeper, Smart Bees

Sometimes when you think you know what you're doing you still do stupid things, like putting a queen back after she's been removed from the hive for three days...

Queen cells first spotted 7 days ago. 

The new queen in the Datsyuk hive is expected to emerge sometime between yesterday and tomorrow so I did a quick peek to see if she was out and about. Pulling the frame that had the queen cells I found one cell open and the other destroyed by the bees (shown in the photo). Yea!

So did a quick look for the queen on the other frames and found more open queen cells... a total of six more that I didn't see the last week! (Not wanting to disturb the hive more than I needed to, I only checked the one frame and closed the hive back up after finding the two queen cells.)

Capped Queen Cell

I didn't see the queen anywhere but a virgin queen is not all that much larger than the rest of the bees and could easily be overlooked. I did spot one last beautiful queen cell not yet open, pictured here.

I'll check back in another week to see if the queen has mated and has begun laying.

For some unknown reason, the queen in the package hive is gone. Did she die or or decided the hive was not fit for her queenliness we'll never know, but left behind were about 100 bees drawing a bit of comb and storing the syrup. I knew this as of four days ago and after giving it much thought I decided to do another split from the very full Dmitry hive in order to give the Beagle hive a fresh start and give the Dmitry hive some relief.

The Dmitry hive is seven boxes full of bees, too full according to them and they were preparing for some of them to leave. We stopped counting at seven swarm cells and that doesn't include those that were destroyed when I lifted the boxes apart. Swarm cells are constructed along the bottom of the frame which differentiate them from other queen cells built higher on the frame like those in the Datsyuk hive. Swarming is a natural part of the growth of a hive but it can also weaken the hive and I was banking on being able to draw from this strong hive to help the others if needed.

Swarm Cells Split to the Beagle Hive

I did the math on the timing of these cells... they could have been started when they realized they no longer had a queen and if that was the case, they surely killed her when I put her back. I didn't go looking for her but I was looking for eggs to move for the split and I wasn't finding any, not in any of the boxes! I've never seen swarm cells created for emergency queens so not yet sure why this is happening...

I used the abundance of queens to move some over to the Beagle hive, along with a couple frames of brood and a large number of bees to jump start that hive again. Some seasoned beekeepers say that a hive will swarm when its ready to swarm regardless of what may be done to prevent it, like lessening the population like I did making the split. I can't help but wonder if the queen that hatches in the Beagle hive will be inclined to lead the hive to swarm because that is what she was intended to do in her old hive.

Have you realized what is happening now in the apiary? All three of my hives have queen cells, soon to have virgin queens and not one of them will have eggs from which to make a new queen if any of these queens fail. I know I'm taking a big chance, one that may or may not pay off in honey this year. But if I end up with one viable hive, I'll be satisfied, as well as so much smarter from the mistakes I've made this spring!

Checking The New Hives

Beagle Queen

The Beagle queen has been released from her cage and looking pretty good with a white dot on her back. Now the bees need to get to it and draw out some comb! I've kept the entrance feeder on for a few more days because it's a drag needing to remove a top feeder every time I want to check on their progress. I will enjoy comparing the progress of a hive in a deep box to the mediums that I've been using for the past three years.

Chaining

I was expecting to find a queen cell in the Datsyuk hive today but the aggression of the bees the minute I opened the hive let me know I had moved the Dmitry queen along with the frames when I made the split! This was substantiated by other clues as well -- the bees were chaining as I removed the first frame (an indication that a hive is 'queen right'), I found eggs on a different frame than expected where empty cells were, and the bees were chugging down the sugar syrup from the entrance feeder (a small hive wouldn't initially eat that much while they figure out what to do without a queen).

So I carefully checked each frame until I found the Dmitry queen and then I gently nudged her off the frame and onto the entrance of her original hive. This could be a smart move or a very stupid move but I made the quick decision to put her in her original hive with fingers crossed that the bees won't think she is an intruder and kill her. Ideally, I would have spritzed her with a little sugar syrup containing an essential oil to mask that she came from a different hive but I didn't have that handy not expecting to need it....

The Dmitry hive has probably begun creating a new queen, having been queenless for three days. But it is my only strong hive at the moment and I may need to rely on them for augmenting the others this season. All I was thinking is that I needed to get her back home!

Now I wait another few days before checking on the Datsyuk hive, hoping like magic that the bees will have selected an egg and crated their new queen.

What's In a Name?

I get chided because I name my hives but I figure it helps to differentiate them and helps me with my record keeping. I could number them instead, but how boring is that?? And besides, naming them after hockey players is kind of fun!

Jay Beagle

Even though the new package of bees has a Russian queen, I've decided to name the hive after a Canadian player as the bees were such so very gentle when I installed them and Canadians have the reputation of being so polite. This hive will be known as the Beagle Hive, as in Jay Beagle, Calgary native and a center for the Washington Capitals (my current home team).

Pavel Datsyuk

Splitting a hive to make a new one isn't magic but it is rather magical how a beekeeper can influence the bees natural behavior to recognize they are without a queen, select an egg to be the queen and make an entirely new hive so I've named this hive Datsyuk after the Magic Man himself, Pavel Datsyuk, a forward for the Detroit Red Wings (my favorite team from my home state).

Pavel and Beagle join the Dmitry hive in the front yard apiary. I have two forwards and a defenseman... maybe I should consider a goalie next time? :-)